What you need to know about HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)

Overview

Cervical cancer is a malignancy of the squamous epithelium or the glandular epithelium of the cervix, ranking second in cancers after breast cancer. More than 90% of cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Currently, more than 200 types have been discovered. Of these, there are 30 dangerous types that are often sexually transmitted. In those 30 types, they are divided into 2 main groups:

Low risk: The most common are types 6 and 11- causing genital warts

High risk: There are 14 types, the most common types are 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 – causing cervical cancer, vagina, anus, penis, larynx lesions, etc. In which, 70% of cases are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18.

A woman’s lifetime risk of at least one HPV infection is about 80%, with peak infection rates occurring between the ages of 20 and 30.

The route of infection

There are three ways of transmission: skin-to-skin, sexual transmission, and mother-to-child. Sexual transmission is the most common route. It can be heterosexual or homosexual.

What happens when infected with HPV?

Women infected with HPV have to suffer many serious consequences such as poor health, risk of infertility, financial exhaustion, serious psychological effects, and family happiness. There is even a risk of death if not treated early.

In men, HPV infection will cause genital warts and can lead to cancer.

The not-so-good news is that this disease recently tends to rejuvenate, the age of the disease has appeared more commonly at the age of 25- 26 years old, even a 14-year-old baby has also had cervical cancer.

There are no early signs of this disease because HPV often exists silently in the body for about 2 years before symptoms appear.

Therefore, examination and screening to detect cervical cancer is extremely important and necessary even when there are no clinical signs or when manifestations such as vaginal bleeding after intercourse, foul-smelling white blood, and irregular bleeding between periods, or after menopause appear.

Screening examination

The most common screening methods available today are:

• Pap’s smear
• Observation of cervical cancer cells by a staining method
• Testing HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) – DNA

Currently, the combination of cytology and HPV-DNA testing is the most optimal solution for patients to detect the development stages of the disease as well as know the exact type of HPV they are suffering from help provide appropriate treatment, as well as reduce the additional cost and pain of repeated sampling.

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